Subject isc commerce class 12 chapter sources of finance for a joint stock company topics taught meaning and features of preference shares. After reading this article you will learn about the advantages and disadvantages of joint stock company. It is a kind of joint stock company created by the grant of a royal charter is called a chartered company. A joint stock company provides a number of benefits to the society.
A joint stock company has right to use the liquidity and fiscal funds of stock markets but also is. Apr 07, 2016 company operates in its own name under a common seal. There is no limit to the number of shareholders in a company. The management of the company is done professionally by experts who are the representatives of the shareholders are called.
Without these features of joint stock companies, it would have been better to call it a firm rather than a company form of organization. Ordinary joint stock companies must have a minimum capital of nok 30,000 upon incorporation, which was reduced from 100,000 in 2012. A lot of time and money is wasted, it is disadvantage of joint stock company. The capital of a company is divided into parts, called shares. The formation of joint stock company is a very difficult process.
Artificial legal person a joint stock company is an artificial legal person created by law. One of the earliest joint stock companies was the virginia company, founded in 1606 to colonize north america. Each shareho lder owns co m pany stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares certificates of ownership. A joint stock company is a legal association between individuals that creates a new entity for business purposes. If the company needs money it can sell its shares to the public. Jointstock companiesanother business venture that developed during this period was known as the jointstock company. A joint stock company is voluntary association in which people contributes with capital in the forms of shares to carry on a certain type of.
Joint stock company is a new venture in the big business area. Nov 11, 2011 definition a joint stock company is a voluntary association of individuals for profit, having its capital divided into transferable shares, the ownership of which is the condition of membership. The joint stock company divides its capital into a large number of parts with each value where each part of capital is called share. Joint stock company features and meaning class 11 youtube. After industrial revolution, there must be changed in the production system. The following are the features of a joint stock company. A shareholder owns one or more shares and is not responsible for the obligations of the jointstock company and of. Features of a joint stock company 1 artificial legal person. Artificial person, separate legal entity, formation, perpetual succession, control, liability, common seal and risk bearing i artificial person.
Introduction features formation classification of company public vs private company merits demerits partnership vs company conclusion 2. Jointstock company financial definition of jointstock. Jointstock company, a forerunner of the modern corporation that was organized for undertakings requiring large amounts of capital. Joint stock company is the company where the share or the stocks of the company are jointly held by shareholders in some proportion and also have shared in profit with respect to the share of their shareholding where each holder is liable to the amount of its shareholding only and can also transfer their shares without any restriction. Joint stock companies jsc are different depending on the country where they are registered in. The important features of a joint stock company are the following an artificial person created by law, with a distinctive name, a common seal, a common capital with limited liability, and with a perpetual succession. A joint stock company has, solely, the characteristics of. Requires that a company must have a common seal with its name engraved on it. Of the former company, sebastian cabot was one of the founders and it was possibly because of his knowledge of the j oint stock system in italy that it was decided that. The joint stock company is an association of person having a separate legal existence, perpetual succession, common seal, common capital etc. Joint stock company financial definition of joint stock company. The person who holds shares of the company is known as shareholder. Joint stock company free download as powerpoint presentation. Joint stock holders may buy or sell these shares freely in the market.
The joint hindu family business or the hindu undivided family huf is a unique form of business organisation found only in india. It involved a number of people combining their wealth for a common purpose. A joint stock company is a voluntary association of individuals for profit, having a capital divided into transferable shares, the ownership of which is the condition of membership. Nowhere else in the world is this a legal form of business entity. Below this post is all about the characteristics and features of joint stock company. The company sells stock, and its shareholders are free to sell their stock, but shareholders are liable for all debts of the company. The joint stock company can raise a large amount of capital by issuing shares and debentures to the public.
Features of a joint stock company economics discussion. Company operates in its own name under a common seal. Shareholders receive any distributed profits as dividends, proportional to the number of shares they own. Hence, all the shareholders use their voting rights and elect a body for the management of routine affairs of the business.
In a joint stock company, the ownership is divided into transferable units known as shares. A joint stock company may be defined as a company that issues stock and allows derived promotion trading making the stockholders legally responsible for the debts caused to the company. Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued exi stence of the company. People contribute their capital in the form of a share in the company. A joint stock company is a voluntary association formed by people to carry on a certain business for profit.
The business to be carried on by a partnership must always be lawful. Like natural persons, a company can own property, incur debts, borrow money, enter into contracts, sue and be sued but unlike them it cannot breathe, eat, run, talk and so on. With the technological improvements, the scale of operations has increased. A company is a legal entity that has been created by the statues of law. His first enquiry would probably be concerning the origin of this institution. A joint stock company is an organization that falls between the definitions of a partnership and corporation in terms of shareholder liability.
A company is an incorporated association of persons formed usually for the pursuit of some commercial purpose. A detailed project on joint stock company, its features, advantages, disadvantages. A jointstock company is a business entity in which shares of the companys stock can be. Joint stock company a company that issues stock and requires shareholders to be held liable for the companys debt. A joint stock company can raise large amount of capital by issuing its shares. Any document having common seal and the signature of the officer is binding on the company. Meaning and features of preference shares sources of. Joint stock company national institute of open schooling. A shareholder owns one or more shares and is not responsible for the obligations of the joint stock company and of the limited partnership joint stock company. In case of a public company the shares can be transferred freely, there are almost no restrictions. According to indian companies act 1956, joint stock company means a company having permanent paid up or nominal capital of fixed amount divided into shares also of fixed amount and only its shareholders. The partnership arises out of an agreement between two or more persons 2. The first english joint stock company of importance zras the russia company founded in 1553. Moment the certificate is issued, the company comes into existence.
Joint stock company readyratios financial analysis. A jointstock company is a business entity in which shares of the companys stock can be bought and sold by shareholders. The company enjoys all the rights as a citizen of a country would enjoy. It means those who want to work together with some common economic objective can form a society which is termed as cooperative society. The firms joining hands in a joint venture are called coventurers, which can be a private company, government company or foreign company. The joint stock company type of organization has become very popular throughout the world because of many advantages. A joint stock company has widespread appeal to the investors of all the types. Joint stock company, a forerunner of the modern corporation that was organized for undertakings requiring large amounts of capital. A company can be a corporation, partnership, association, jointstock company, trust, fund, or organized group of persons, whether incorporated or not, and in an official capacity any receiver, trustee in bankruptcy, or similar official, or liquidating agent, for any of the foregoing the companies act 20 of india defines a company as. May 10, 2020 this class let you understand very popular form of organisation company. According to haney, joint stock company is a voluntary association of individuals for profit, having a capital divided into transferable shares. It is not possible for each shareholder to participate in the management affairs of the business. A careful analysis of the above mentioned definitions reveal the following important characteristic feature of a joint stock company. The origin of the joint stock company f an historian at some future date were to define the economic structure.
Joint stock company joint stock company legal personality. There should be an agreement among the partners to share the profits of the business 3. By law, individual shareholders were not responsible for actions. In the same year another j oint stock enterprive was formed to trade with africa. Advantages and disadvantages of joint stock company. Let us learn about this form of organisation and its unique features. Joint stock company meaning advantages disadvantages. The outstanding advantage is that it allows vast mobilization of capital which otherwise is. So, this certificate may be called as the birth certificate of a joint stock company.
Dec 27, 2014 definition of joint stock companydefinition of joint stock company company means a company formed and registered under this act or existing company. Disadvantages of joint stock company following are the main disadvantages of joint stock company. He has no further liability if he has paid the full value of the. A joint stock company is established under the company act, 2053. So a joint stock company can enter into agreements with third parties.
The requirements for finances and managerial resources have gone up. In other words, a joint stock company combines features of a general partnership, in which owners of a company split profits and liabilities, and a publiclytraded company, which issues stock that shareholders are able to buy and sell on an exchange. According to haney, joint stock company is a voluntary association of. Company act, 1994 a joint stock company is an association of many persons who contribute money or moneys worth to a common stock and employ it for a common purpose. May, 2020 subject isc commerce class 12 chapter sources of finance for a joint stock company topics taught meaning and features of preference shares. A joint stock company has right to use the liquidity and fiscal funds of stock markets but also is restricted like a partnership. Some features of joint stock company are given below. Any document bearing the common seal of the company, and signed by two directors, legally binds the company. The company works in its own name under a common seal.
A joint stock compa ny is a business entity in which shares o f the company s s tock can be bought and sold by shareholders. Jan 08, 2014 advantages and disadvantages of joint stock company a joint stock company is an association or organization of many persons formed for the purpose of profit, possessing a common capital contributed by the members composing it. Each shareholder owns company stock in proportion, evidenced by their shares certificates of ownership. Jun 07, 2011 disadvantages of joint stock company following are the main disadvantages of joint stock company. The liability of a shareholder is limited to the face value of the shares he holds. A joint stock company is a separate entity formed by a number of persons contributing a fixed capital in the formation of shares sharing the. A joint stock company must be incorporated, has an independent legal personality and limited liability, and is required to have a certain capital upon incorporation. And in a public company, there are some restrictions, but the transfer cannot be prohibited. The anglodutch rivalry for the east india trade pdf. It is a voluntary association of persons who generally contribute capital to carry on a particular type of business, which is established by law and can be dissolved only by law. After the passing of companies ordinance 1984, no new company can be formed by a royal charter in pakistan. Investors receive shares in proportion to the funds put in, and the shareholders elect directors to manage the business.
The coventurers come to a contractual agreement for carrying out an economic activity, which has shared ownership and control. A company is an association of many persons who contribute money or moneys worth to a common stock and employ it in some trade or business, and who share the profit and loss as the case may be arising therefrom. The bank of england, the east india company, chartered bank etc. A company form of business orgnisation is known as a joint stock company. Jointstock companies generally also have limited liability for their shareholders. One of the earliest jointstock companies was the virginia company, founded in 1606 to colonize north america. The second feature requires special legislation and a special legal framework, as it cannot be reproduced via standard contract law. Joint stock company definition, features top 3 types with.
Joint stock companiesanother business venture that developed during this period was known as the joint stock company. The simplest way to describe a joint stock company is that it is a business organisation that is owned jointly by all its shareholders. Persons who contribute capital become members of the company. Generally a joint stock company has the opportunity to raise huge capital than other types of business. The essential features and characteristics of a partnership are. Notes on meaning and types of joint stock company grade 11. Many legal formalities are observed by the founders. Members of a joint stock company are free to transfer their shares to anyone. A company is an artificial person recognized by law, with a distinctive name, a common seal, a common capital comprising transferable shares of fixed value, carrying limited liability and having a perpetual succession. Owners of the joint stock company are known as shareholders.
The jointstock company worked much like the modernday corporation, with investors buying shares of stock in a company. Meaning of joint stock company features of company. Joint stock company a form of business organization that falls between a corporation and a partnership. A legal arrangement by which investors pool their funds to carry out a business activity. The companies act 1956 defines a joint stock company as an artificial person created by law, having separate legal entity from its owner with perpetual.
A joint stock company is a separate entity formed by a number of persons contributing a fixed capital in the formation of shares sharing the ownership of the company with liability of each share holder being limited to his investment in the company only. Studying the features of a joint stock company will clarify its structure. A company comes into existence when it is registered under the companies act or other equivalent act under the law. Merits of a joint stock company large capital resources. It is a way to incorporate a given business with two or more shareholders.
A company has to fulfil requirements in terms of documents moa, aoa, shareholders, directors, and share capital to be deemed as a legal association. Joint stock company financial definition of joint stock. Haney, a joint stock company is a voluntary association of individuals for profit, having a capital divided into transferable shares, the ownership of which is the. They contribute capital, pooling the financial, physical, intellectual and. The joint stock company worked much like the modernday corporation, with investors buying shares of stock in a company. A joint stock company is a combination of a partnership and a corporation. Registration of joint stock company is compulsory by law. Notes business studies 57 the term cooperation is derived from the latin word cooperari, where the word co means with and operari means to work. Funds are raised from the members or through arrangement from banks and other sources. Money was raised by selling shares to investors, who became partners in the venture. The silent features of company form of organization are as under.
The advantages of forming a company rather than carrying on partnership business are as follows. A joint stock company issues shares similar to a public company that trades on a registered exchange. Holders have a direct vote in company management decisions as well as a joint and several liability for the. But unlike ordinary shares or preferred shares, the shares of a joint stock company carry explicit obligations. Shareholders are able to transfer their shares to others without any effects to the continued existence of the company.
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